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0:21 The true nature of electricity
0:33 Contents of copper atoms
1:11 What's in the Copper Wire
1:39 Applying voltage to copper wire
2:08 Electricity and Water
Electricity: What it is
In this article, we will explain the basis of all this: what electricity is in the first place.
Please read this article to the end, as it will help you understand the basics of electricity and challenge your electronic skills.
The true nature of electricity
Let's dive into the microscopic world first to see what electricity looks like.
Contents of copper atoms
The following figure shows the contents of a copper atom at the microscopic level.
It has a structure with a nucleus with positive properties at the center and electrons circling around it.
Since the number of pluses and minuses are equal, the overall effect is electrically neutral.
Electrons are circled in layers, with the inner electrons very strongly bound to the nucleus, while the outermost electrons are further away from the center and have weaker binding strength.
A simple model of this relationship shows that the center is positive and negative electrons orbit around it, as shown in the figure below.
Copper Wire Contents
Now we will go into the copper wire that is part of the circuit.
As shown in the figure below, copper wire is made up of many copper atoms in a row.
The outermost electrons are less bonded, so when copper atoms are next to each other, they share each other's electron pathways, allowing electrons to move freely back and forth.
In this state, however, the electrons are still just moving around randomly in various places, and it cannot be said that electricity is flowing.
Here, the application of an external force causes the electrons to move simultaneously in that direction.
Only at this point does electricity flow.
Apply voltage to copper wire
The force applied from outside is called "voltage" and the flow of electrons is called "current.
Note that the direction of electrons and the direction of current are opposite.
Next, I will explain that the properties of electricity and water are very similar.
We will look at the flow of electrons in turn.
By repeating this process, a flow of electrons is created. On the other hand, let's look at how the water world works with water in the plumbing. By repeating this process, it becomes a water stream. I hope you now understand that electricity and water have similar properties. In this article, we have explained the basis of all this: what electricity is in the first place. Even if you are just starting out with electronics, you will be able to enjoy electronics more as you gain a better understanding of electricity. ＼電子工作歴9年の私のイチ押し！ELEGOOの電子工作キット／
Electricity and Water
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